{
 "topic": "surrogacy",
 "label": "Surrogacy",
 "lastGenerated": "2026-09-18T08:11:11.849560+00:00",
 "sourcesCheckedAt": "2026-09-17T21:17:48.700760+00:00",
 "promptVersion": "5",
 "model": "hf.co/unsloth/Qwen3.8-27B-GGUF:UD-Q4_K_M",
 "statuses": [
  {
   "id": "legal_commercial",
   "label": "Commercial legal",
   "color": "#22c55e"
  },
  {
   "id": "legal_altruistic",
   "label": "Altruistic only",
   "color": "#86efac"
  },
  {
   "id": "banned",
   "label": "Banned",
   "color": "#ef4444"
  },
  {
   "id": "unregulated",
   "label": "Unregulated",
   "color": "#fbbf24"
  },
  {
   "id": "varies",
   "label": "Varies by region",
   "color": "#8b5cf6"
  },
  {
   "id": "unknown",
   "label": "Unknown / Insufficient data",
   "color": "#d1d5db"
  }
 ],
 "countries": {
  "AUS": {
   "status": "legal_altruistic",
   "summary": "Altruistic surrogacy is legal in all Australian jurisdictions, while commercial surrogacy is a criminal offense.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2022,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "BEL": {
   "status": "legal_altruistic",
   "summary": "Only altruistic surrogacy is permitted, with parents paying only pregnancy-related expenses.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "BRA": {
   "status": "legal_altruistic",
   "summary": "Commercial surrogacy is banned in Brazil, but altruistic surrogacy is legally allowed.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "CAN": {
   "status": "legal_altruistic",
   "summary": "Canada permits only altruistic surrogacy, allowing reimbursement for expenses but prohibiting other payments.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "CHE": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is illegal in Switzerland under the Federal Act on Medically Assisted Reproduction.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2014,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "CHN": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is forbidden by regulation in China, prohibiting medical professionals from performing procedures.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "COL": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "Colombia has no clear rules regarding surrogacy, relying on natural childbirth laws and paternity lawsuits.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2016,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "CUB": {
   "status": "legal_altruistic",
   "summary": "Only altruistic surrogacy is allowed in Cuba following the passage of a new family law.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2022,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "CZE": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is not legally regulated in the Czech Republic and is generally considered legal.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "DEU": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is completely prohibited in Germany under the German Civil Code.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "ESP": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is not legal in Spain as renouncement contracts are invalid.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "FIN": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "All surrogacy arrangements are prohibited in Finland.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2007,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "FRA": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Surrogacy arrangements are void and illegal in France, with intermediaries facing legal sanctions.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 1994,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "GBR": {
   "status": "legal_altruistic",
   "summary": "Altruistic surrogacy is legal, but commercial arrangements are prohibited by the Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 1985,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "GEO": {
   "status": "legal_commercial",
   "summary": "Both altruistic and commercial surrogacy are fully legal for domestic and international intended parents.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2023,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "GRC": {
   "status": "legal_commercial",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is fully legal and regulated, allowing both altruistic and commercial arrangements.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2014,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "HKG": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Commercial surrogacy is a criminal offense in Hong Kong, while altruistic surrogacy is unregulated.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2000,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "IND": {
   "status": "legal_altruistic",
   "summary": "Altruistic surrogacy is legal for eligible Indian couples, while commercial surrogacy is banned.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2021,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "IRL": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is unregulated in Ireland, with no specific legislation governing the practice.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2023,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "IRN": {
   "status": "legal_commercial",
   "summary": "Both commercial and altruistic surrogacy are legal and popular in Iran.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "ISL": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "All forms of surrogacy are illegal in Iceland.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "ISR": {
   "status": "legal_commercial",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is legal in Israel, with recent expansions allowing same-sex couples and single men.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2022,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "ITA": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "All forms of surrogacy are prohibited and punishable by imprisonment and fines.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2024,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "JPN": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "Surrogacy remains unregulated in Japan despite a 2008 proposal to ban commercial arrangements.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2008,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "KEN": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "There are no specific legal regulations or laws governing surrogacy in Kenya.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "KGZ": {
   "status": "legal_commercial",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is officially regulated and accessible to all individuals regardless of marital status or medical indications.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2024,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "KOR": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "Surrogacy was mostly unregulated in South Korea as of the mid-2010s, though commercial aspects became illegal.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "MEX": {
   "status": "varies",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is unregulated in most states but regulated in Sinaloa and Tabasco.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2013,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "MYS": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is currently prohibited by a fatwa issued by the National Council of Islamic Religious Affairs.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2008,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "NGA": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is unregulated in Nigeria, though contracts may be enforceable and a regulation is being considered.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "NLD": {
   "status": "legal_altruistic",
   "summary": "Altruistic surrogacy is legal while commercial surrogacy is illegal in the Netherlands.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "PHL": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "There is no specific legal framework for surrogacy in the Philippines, creating legal barriers for intended parents.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "POL": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is mostly unregulated in Poland, with the Family Code defining the birth mother as the legal mother.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2015,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "PRT": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is effectively banned as the 2016 law allowing it was suspended after being found unconstitutional in 2018.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2018,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "RUS": {
   "status": "legal_commercial",
   "summary": "Commercial gestational surrogacy is legal and available to adults with medical indications.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "SAU": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Religious authorities prohibit the use of gestational carriers in Saudi Arabia.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "SRB": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "All surrogacy arrangements are illegal in Serbia, though new legislation is under discussion.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2017,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "SVK": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "All surrogacy arrangements are illegal in Slovakia following a 2025 constitutional amendment.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2025,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "SWE": {
   "status": "unregulated",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is unregulated in Sweden, with no specific laws addressing it.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": null,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "THA": {
   "status": "varies",
   "summary": "Commercial surrogacy is banned for foreigners in Thailand but allowed for opposite-sex married residents.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2015,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "TUR": {
   "status": "banned",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is effectively banned nationwide under the Civil Code and related health laws.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2014,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "UKR": {
   "status": "legal_commercial",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is absolutely legal, including commercial arrangements for foreigners.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2023,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "USA": {
   "status": "varies",
   "summary": "Surrogacy laws differ significantly by state, with some facilitating, refusing enforcement, or penalizing commercial arrangements.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2019,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "VNM": {
   "status": "legal_altruistic",
   "summary": "Altruistic surrogacy is legal for specific married couples under strict conditions.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2015,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  },
  "ZAF": {
   "status": "legal_commercial",
   "summary": "Surrogacy is legal and regulated, allowing commercial arrangements with court validation.",
   "notes": null,
   "sources": [
    "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy_laws_by_country"
   ],
   "lastUpdated": 2010,
   "hasSubnational": false,
   "confidence": "medium",
   "needsReview": false,
   "method": "llm"
  }
 }
}